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manufacturing plants

  • 1 customs manufacturing plants

    предприятия, осуществляющие импорт или экспорт товаров, под строгим таможенным контролем (например, предприятия, полностью ориентирующиеся на импортное или дефицитное сырье, документы ООН)

    Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > customs manufacturing plants

  • 2 производствена уредба

    manufacturing plant
    manufacturing plants

    Български-Angleščina политехнически речник > производствена уредба

  • 3 fábrica

    f.
    factory, industry, industrial plant, mill.
    * * *
    1 (industria) factory, plant
    2 (fabricación) manufacture
    3 ARQUITECTURA masonry
    \
    fábrica de conservas cannery, canning factory
    fábrica de gas gasworks
    fábrica de harina flour mill
    fábrica de montaje assembly plant
    fábrica de papel paper mill
    precio de fábrica factory price, ex-works price
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=factoría) factory

    precio de fábrica — price ex-works, price ex-factory

    fábrica de acero — steel plant, steelworks

    fábrica de conservas — canning plant, cannery

    2) (Arquit)

    de fábrica — stone, stonework

    3) (=proceso) manufacture
    4) And (=alambique) still, distillery
    * * *
    femenino factory

    fábrica de textiles/papel — textile/paper mill

    * * *
    = factory, manufacturing firm, manufactory, manufacturing enterprise, plant, manufacturing plant.
    Ex. A thesaurus might advise the searcher that the following alternative terms might prove fruitful: factories and other more specific terms, e.g. Printing works.
    Ex. Fee-for-service programmes can target non-traditional market segments such as pharmaceutical companies, lawyers, and manufacturing firms who regularly need and willingly pay a premium price for perishable medical information.
    Ex. The strength of the book 'The American manufactory' lies in its detailed narratives of success and failure.
    Ex. The author attempts to determine whether South African manufacturing enterprises used information to their competitive advantage.
    Ex. The author describes the approach and its application to 2 different processes: coffee roasting and decaffeination in a Nestle plant.
    Ex. Greater London constituted Britain's most important interwar centre for new manufacturing plants.
    ----
    * como salido de fábrica = in mint condition.
    * fábrica azucarera = sugar mill.
    * fábrica de azúcar = sugar factory.
    * fábrica de azúcar de remolacha = beet sugar factory.
    * fábrica de carruajes = carriage-making plant.
    * fábrica de cemento = cement plant.
    * fábrica de cerámica = ceramics factory.
    * fábrica de cerveza = brewery.
    * fábrica de conservas = cannery.
    * fábrica de diplomados = diploma mill.
    * fábrica de laminación de acero = steel mill.
    * fábrica de licenciados = diploma mill.
    * fábrica de muebles = furniture factory.
    * fábrica de papel = paper mill, pulp and paper mill.
    * fábrica de tejidos de algodón = mill, cotton mill.
    * fábrica de titulados = diploma mill.
    * fábrica de toneles = cooperage.
    * fábrica textil = mill.
    * máquina de fábrica = manufacturing equipment.
    * perforado de fábrica = pre-drilled.
    * propietario de una fábrica textil = wool-factor.
    * trabajador de fábrica = factory worker, factory hand.
    * * *
    femenino factory

    fábrica de textiles/papel — textile/paper mill

    * * *
    = factory, manufacturing firm, manufactory, manufacturing enterprise, plant, manufacturing plant.

    Ex: A thesaurus might advise the searcher that the following alternative terms might prove fruitful: factories and other more specific terms, e.g. Printing works.

    Ex: Fee-for-service programmes can target non-traditional market segments such as pharmaceutical companies, lawyers, and manufacturing firms who regularly need and willingly pay a premium price for perishable medical information.
    Ex: The strength of the book 'The American manufactory' lies in its detailed narratives of success and failure.
    Ex: The author attempts to determine whether South African manufacturing enterprises used information to their competitive advantage.
    Ex: The author describes the approach and its application to 2 different processes: coffee roasting and decaffeination in a Nestle plant.
    Ex: Greater London constituted Britain's most important interwar centre for new manufacturing plants.
    * como salido de fábrica = in mint condition.
    * fábrica azucarera = sugar mill.
    * fábrica de azúcar = sugar factory.
    * fábrica de azúcar de remolacha = beet sugar factory.
    * fábrica de carruajes = carriage-making plant.
    * fábrica de cemento = cement plant.
    * fábrica de cerámica = ceramics factory.
    * fábrica de cerveza = brewery.
    * fábrica de conservas = cannery.
    * fábrica de diplomados = diploma mill.
    * fábrica de laminación de acero = steel mill.
    * fábrica de licenciados = diploma mill.
    * fábrica de muebles = furniture factory.
    * fábrica de papel = paper mill, pulp and paper mill.
    * fábrica de tejidos de algodón = mill, cotton mill.
    * fábrica de titulados = diploma mill.
    * fábrica de toneles = cooperage.
    * fábrica textil = mill.
    * máquina de fábrica = manufacturing equipment.
    * perforado de fábrica = pre-drilled.
    * propietario de una fábrica textil = wool-factor.
    * trabajador de fábrica = factory worker, factory hand.

    * * *
    fábrica de zapatos/muebles shoe/furniture factory
    fábrica de textiles textile mill
    fábrica de papel paper mill
    fábrica de conservas canning plant
    un defecto de fábrica a manufacturing defect
    B ( Const) stonework
    una pared de fábrica a stone wall
    * * *

     

    Del verbo fabricar: ( conjugate fabricar)

    fabrica es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    fabricar    
    fábrica
    fabricar ( conjugate fabricar) verbo transitivo
    to manufacture;
    ◊ fábrica en cadena/serie to mass-produce;


    ( on signs) fabricado en Perú made in Peru
    fábrica sustantivo femenino
    factory;

    fábrica de textiles/papel textile/paper mill;
    fábrica de cerveza brewery;
    fábrica de conservas cannery
    fabricar verbo transitivo
    1 (en serie) to manufacture
    2 (elaborar) to make
    3 (construir) to build
    4 figurado to fabricate
    fábrica sustantivo femenino factory
    fábrica de cemento, cement works
    fábrica de cerveza, brewery
    fábrica de papel, paper mill
    fábrica textil, textile plant

    ' fábrica' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    bodega
    - cantina
    - cervecería
    - comedor
    - comedora
    - enchufar
    - factoría
    - sirena
    - volar
    - azucarera
    - bocina
    - cafetería
    - cerrar
    - chimenea
    - cierre
    - defecto
    - encerrar
    - encierro
    - fichar
    - funcionamiento
    - modernizar
    - molino
    - música
    - obrero
    - ocupar
    - panadería
    - papelera
    - personal
    - situar
    - técnico
    - telar
    - toma
    - tomar
    - usina
    - velador
    - vidrio
    English:
    brewery
    - close down
    - downgrade
    - ex
    - factory
    - found
    - gasworks
    - grind
    - hooter
    - idle
    - mill
    - nowhere
    - output
    - plant
    - produce
    - scale down
    - shed
    - should
    - stop
    - trade secret
    - work
    - armory
    - blot
    - second
    - sweat
    - trade
    - works
    * * *
    1. [establecimiento industrial] factory;
    viene instalado de fábrica it's pre-installed;
    tiene un defecto de fábrica it has a manufacturing defect;
    es así de fábrica it's like that when you buy it
    fábrica de cerveza brewery;
    fábrica de conservas canning plant, cannery;
    Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre = Spanish national mint;
    fábrica de papel paper mill;
    fábrica siderúrgica iron and steelworks [singular]
    2. [construcción] [ladrillo] brickwork;
    [piedra] stonework;
    un muro de fábrica [de ladrillo] a brick wall;
    [de piedra] a stone wall
    * * *
    f
    1 plant, factory;
    en fábrica COM de precio ex works
    2 ARQUI stonework;
    de fábrica stone atr
    * * *
    factoría: factory
    * * *
    fábrica n factory [pl. factories]
    Si se trata de una fábrica de azúcar, de papel o textil se suele llamar mill

    Spanish-English dictionary > fábrica

  • 4 de entreguerras

    between the wars, interwar
    * * *
    (adj.) = interwar
    Ex. Greater London constituted Britain's most important interwar centre for new manufacturing plants.
    * * *
    (adj.) = interwar

    Ex: Greater London constituted Britain's most important interwar centre for new manufacturing plants.

    Spanish-English dictionary > de entreguerras

  • 5 progettazione

    Konstruktion
    * * *
    f design
    * * *
    progettazione s.f. design [U], designing: un concorso per la progettazione di un ospedale, a competition for the design of a hospital; progettazione di impianti, design of manufacturing plants; la nuova autostrada è in ( fase di) progettazione, the new motorway is in the planning stage // (inform.): progettazione automatizzata, computer-aided design; progettazione mediante elaboratore, computer-aided (o computer-assisted) design (abbr. CAD); progettazione e produzione supportata dall'elaboratore, computer-assisted design and manufacturing (abbr. CAD/CAM) // (econ.) progettazione industriale, industrial planning.
    * * *
    [prodʒettat'tsjone]
    sostantivo femminile design, styling

    in fase di progettazione — [azione, idea] in the planning stage

    * * *
    progettazione
    /prodʒettat'tsjone/
    sostantivo f.
    design, styling; progettazione d'interni interior design; in fase di progettazione [azione, idea] in the planning stage.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > progettazione

  • 6 заводы-изготовители

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > заводы-изготовители

  • 7 conurbación de Londres, la

    Ex. Greater London constituted Britain's most important interwar centre for new manufacturing plants.

    Spanish-English dictionary > conurbación de Londres, la

  • 8 área metropolitana de Londres, el

    Ex. Greater London constituted Britain's most important interwar centre for new manufacturing plants.

    Spanish-English dictionary > área metropolitana de Londres, el

  • 9 área metropolitana de Londres

    el área metropolitana de Londres

    Ex: Greater London constituted Britain's most important interwar centre for new manufacturing plants.

    Spanish-English dictionary > área metropolitana de Londres

  • 10 conurbación de Londres

    la conurbación de Londres

    Ex: Greater London constituted Britain's most important interwar centre for new manufacturing plants.

    Spanish-English dictionary > conurbación de Londres

  • 11 Produktionsreife

    Produktionsreife
    finished product stage;
    • Produktionsreserve idle capacity;
    • Produktionsrisiko risk of production, producer’s risk;
    • Produktionsrückgang falling (fall in, setback in, decline in, drop in) production, production decline, downturn in manufacturing;
    • saisonbedingter Produktionsrückgang seasonal drop in production;
    • scharfer Produktionsrückgang slump in production;
    • Produktionsrückstände production residues;
    • Produktionsschätzungen production estimates;
    • Produktionsschwankungen fluctuations in production;
    • Produktionsschwelle shutdown point;
    • Produktionsschwerpunkt verlagern to divert production, to shift product emphasis;
    • Produktionsschwierigkeiten production difficulties;
    • Produktionssektor sector of production, manufacturing sector;
    • Produktionssenkung restriction (curtailment) of production;
    • Produktionsserie series;
    • begrenzte Produktionsserie limited production run;
    • Produktionsskala range of production;
    • Produktionssoll production target;
    • Produktionssparte line of production;
    • Produktionsspezialisierung specialization of production;
    • Produktionsspezifikation product specification;
    • Produktionsspitze alltime production record;
    • Produktionsstab production staff;
    • Produktionsstadium stage of production;
    • Produktionsstand level of production (output), production level, industrial output;
    • Produktionsstandard standard of production, production standard, norms;
    • Produktionsstandort manufacturing location;
    • Produktionsstätte manufacturing establishment (plant, factory), producing unit (factory), productive establishment, production facility, shop-floor;
    • ausländische Produktionsstätten errichten to build up production plants abroad;
    • Produktionsstätten unterhalten to manufacture;
    • Produktionssteigerung increased (rise in) production, production increase;
    • konjunkturbedingte Produktionssteigerung cyclical improvement in production;
    • Produktionssteigerung herbeiführen (hervorrufen) to increase (encourage) production;
    • Produktionsstelle producing (production) unit, manufacturing establishment;
    • Produktionssteuer fabrication tax;
    • Produktionssteuerung production control (management, planning), industrial data processing;
    • Produktionsstilllegung phasing out;
    • vorübergehende Produktionsstilllegung shutdown in production;
    • Produktionsstillstand production holdup;
    • Produktionsstopp vornehmen to tie production;
    • Produktionsstreuung diversification of product lines, diversifying;
    • Produktionsstruktur pattern of production;
    • optimale Produktions- und Handelsstruktur optimal pattern of production;
    • Produktionsstufe production step, stage of production, operational stage;
    • Produktionssystem production system;
    • Produktionstätigkeit productive occupation, manufacturing (production) activity;
    • saisonbedingte Produktionstätigkeit seasonal production;
    • Produktionstechnik production engineering;
    • Produktionstempo tempo of production, production rate;
    • Produktionstermin production date;
    • Produktionstest product test;
    • Produktionstheorie theory of production;
    • Produktionsüberschuss production surplus, surplus products;
    • Produktionsüberschüsse aufkaufen to buy up product surpluses;
    • Produktionsüberschüsse beseitigen to trim excess production;
    • Produktionsübersicht production return;
    • Produktionsüberwacher production controller;
    • Produktionsüberwachung production control (supervision), control of production;
    • Produktionsumfang production volume;
    • Produktionsumstellung conversion of production;
    • Produktionsumwege round-about methods of production;
    • Produktionsunterbrechung disruption of production;
    • Produktionsunternehmen manufacturing concern, productive undertaking;
    • Produktionsunternehmen mit verschiedenartigen Produktionsabteilungen multidivisional diversified organization;
    • Produktionsverbot prohibition to produce;
    • Produktionsverbrauch productive consumption;
    • geplante Produktionsverbreitung diversification planning;
    • Produktionsverbund production link-up;
    • Produktions- und Konsumverein industrial and provident society (Br.).

    Business german-english dictionary > Produktionsreife

  • 12 ГПС

    2) Construction: (гравийно-песчаная смесь) GSM (gravel sand mixture), sandy gravel, гравийно-песчаная смесь
    6) Automation: FMS setup, FMS workcell, FMS-type production system, FMT cell, automated manufacturing production system, cellular arrangement, cellular installation, cellular manufacturing system, flexible automated manufacturing system, flexible automation system, flexible machining center, flexible manufacturing facility, routing-flexible system

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > ГПС

  • 13 kiwanda

    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] kiwanda
    [Swahili Plural] viwanda
    [English Word] factory
    [English Plural] factories
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 7/8
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] kiwanda
    [Swahili Plural] viwanda
    [English Word] plant
    [English Plural] plants
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 7/8
    [Swahili Example] kiwanda cha jotojoto; kiwanda cha kufanyia unga wa maziwa [Rec]
    [English Example] heat-treatment plant; powdered-milk processing plant
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] kiwanda
    [Swahili Plural] viwanda
    [English Word] workshop
    [English Plural] workshops
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 7/8
    [Related Words] uwanda
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] kiwanda
    [Swahili Plural] viwanda
    [English Word] industry
    [English Plural] industries
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 7/8
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] kiwanda
    [Swahili Plural] viwanda
    [English Word] enterprise
    [English Plural] enterprises
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 7/8
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] kiwanda cha kutengeneza bidhaa
    [Swahili Plural] viwanda vya kutnegeneza
    [English Word] manufacturing industry
    [English Plural] manufacturing industries
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 7/8
    [Derived Language] Swahili
    [Derived Word] -tengeneza, bidhaa
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] kiwanda cha nguzo za umeme
    [Swahili Plural] viwanda vya nguzo za umeme
    [English Word] electric power station
    [English Plural] electric power stations
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 7/8
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] kiwanda
    [Swahili Plural] viwanda
    [English Word] mine
    [English Plural] mines
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 7/8
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] kiwanda
    [Swahili Plural] viwanda
    [English Word] forge
    [English Plural] forges
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 7/8
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] kiwanda
    [Swahili Plural] viwanda
    [English Word] foundry
    [English Plural] foundries
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 7/8
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] kiwanda
    [Swahili Plural] viwanda
    [English Word] plot of ground
    [English Plural] plots of ground
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 7/8
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] kiwanda
    [Swahili Plural] viwanda
    [English Word] yard
    [English Plural] yards
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 7/8
    [Related Words] uwanda
    ------------------------------------------------------------

    Swahili-english dictionary > kiwanda

  • 14 der

    I best. Art.
    1. m; (Nom. Sg.) the; der eine ist fleißig, der andere faul (the) one is hard-working, the other one is lazy; der Tod death; der Mensch (alle Menschen) man(kind), humankind; der große Goethe the famous Goethe; der arme Peter poor Peter; der Peter, den ich kenne the Peter (who oder that) I know; der Hyde Park Hyde Park
    2. (Gen Sg. von die) of the; die Mauern der Stadt auch the city walls
    3. (Dat Sg. von die) to the; den Schlüssel habe ich der Nachbarin gegeben I gave the key to the neighbo(u)r
    4. (Gen Pl. von der, die, das) of the; die Ankunft der Kinder auch the children’s arrival
    II Dem. Pron.
    1. m; (Nom. Sg.) that (one), this (one); (er) he, it; der Mann hier this man; der mit dem Bart the one with the beard; nur der kann das verstehen, der... only he ( oder that man) who... can understand it; der und baden gehen? you won’t catch him going swimming; der und ehrlich? Dass ich nicht lache! him? honest? Pull the other one! ( oder Give me a break!)
    2. (Dat Sg. von die) zu der und der Zeit umg. at such and such a time
    III Rel. Pron.
    1. m; (Nom. Sg.) bei Personen: who, that; bei Sachen: which, that; der Bezirk, der einen Teil von X bildet the district forming part of X; der erste Stein, der geworfen wurde the first stone that was thrown; er war der Erste, der es erfuhr he was the first to know; jeder, der... anyone who...; ich, der ich selbst dabei war I, who was there myself
    2. (Dat Sg. von die) bei Personen: who(m), who... to, to whom förm.; bei Sachen: that, which; die Freundin, der ich meine Sorgen erzählte the friend (whom) I told about my problems ( oder to whom I told my problems)
    * * *
    which one (Pron.); that (Pron.); which (Pron.); who (Pron.); the ( Artikel)
    * * *
    I [deːɐ]
    1. def art
    1) gen sing, pl von die of the

    das Miauen dér Katze — the miaowing of the cat, the cat's miaowing

    2) dat sing von die to the; (mit Präposition) the
    2. dem pron dat sing von die
    1) (adjektivisch) to that; (mit Präpositionen) that
    2) (substantivisch) to her; her
    3. rel pron dat sing
    to whom, that or who(m)... to; (mit Präposition) who(m); (von Sachen) to which, which... to; which II [deːɐ] pl die
    1. def art gen des, der, des, pl der dat dem, der, dem, pl den acc den, die, das, pl die
    the

    dér/die Arme! — the poor man/woman or girl

    dér Engländer (dated inf: = die Engländer) — the Englishman

    dér Faust — Faust

    dér Hans (inf) — Hans

    dér kleine Hans — little Hans

    dér Rhein — the Rhine

    dér Michigansee — Lake Michigan

    die "Bismarck" — the "Bismarck"

    dér Lehrer/die Frau (im Allgemeinen) — teachers pl/women pl

    dér Tod/die Liebe/das Leben — death/love/life

    dér Tod des Sokrates — the death of Socrates

    in dem England, das ich kannte — in the England (that or which) I knew

    er liebt den Jazz/die Oper/das Kino — he likes jazz/(the) opera/the cinema

    das Herstellen von Waffen ist... — manufacturing weapons is..., the manufacturing of weapons is...

    dér spätere Wittgenstein — the later Wittgenstein

    er war nicht mehr dér Hans, dér... — he was no longer the Hans who...

    ein Euro das Stück — one euro apiece or each

    20 Euro die Stunde — 20 euros an or per hour

    dér und dér Wissenschaftler — such and such a scientist

    2. dem pron gen dessen or (old) des, deren, dessen,
    pl deren dat dem, der, dem, pl denen acc den, die, das, pl die
    1) (attr) (= jener, dieser) that; (pl) those, them (inf)

    zu dér und dér Zeit — at such and such a time

    an dem und dem Ort — at such and such a place

    2) (substantivisch) he/she/it; (pl) those, them (inf)

    dér/die war es — it was him/her

    dér/die mit dér großen Nase — the one or him/her (inf) with the big nose

    mit den roten Haaren — those or them (inf) with red hair

    deine Schwester, die war nicht da (inf) — your sister, she wasn't there

    dér und schwimmen? — him, swimming?, swimming, (what) him?

    dér/die hier (von Menschen) — he/she, this man/woman etc; (von Gegenständen) this (one); (von mehreren) this one

    dér/die da (von Menschen) — he/she, that man/woman etc; (von Gegenständen) that (one); (von mehreren) that one

    die hier/da pl — they, these/those men/women etc, these/those, them (inf)

    dér, den ich meine — the one I mean

    dér und dér/die und die — so-and-so

    3. rel pron decl as dem pron
    (Mensch) who, that; (Gegenstand, Tier) which, that
    4. rel + dem pron decl as dem pron

    dér/die dafür verantwortlich war,... — the man/woman who was responsible for it

    die so etwas tun,... — those or people who do that sort of thing...

    * * *
    der1
    [de:ɐ̯]
    I. art def, nom sing m
    1. (allgemein) the
    \der Hund/Mann/Tisch the dog/man/table
    \der Mai [the month of] May
    \der Angeber! that show-off!
    2. (bei Körperteilen)
    mir tut \der Hals weh my throat hurts
    \der Hunger/Irrsinn/Tod hunger/madness/death
    \der Tod des Ikaros the death of Icarus
    \der Stahl wird auch mit anderen Elementen legiert steel is also alloyed with other elements; (bei spezifischen Stoffen) the
    \der Sauerstoff in der Luft the oxygen in the air
    \der Mann des Tages the man of the moment
    das ist \der Augenblick, auf den wir gewartet haben that's [just] the moment we've been waiting for
    \der Irak/Iran Iraq/Iran
    \der Sudan The Sudan
    \der Kongo vor der Kolonialzeit pre-colonial Congo
    \der kleine Peter little Peter
    \der spätere Dickens the later Dickens
    er war nicht mehr \der Uli, der... he was no longer the Uli who...
    das ist \der Klaus that's Klaus
    \der Papa sagt,... [my] dad says...
    \der Mensch heute man today
    \der Franzose isst gern gut the French like to eat well
    9. (nach Angaben)
    5 Euro \der Liter €5 a [or per] litre
    10. (vor Angaben)
    \der 14. August 2003 14[th] August 2003, August 14[th], 2003; (gesprochen) the fourteenth of August 2003
    Heinrich \der Achte Henry the Eighth
    \der Kleine the little boy/one
    \der Älteste the oldest [one]
    II. pron dem, nom sing m
    1. attr, betont
    \der Mann war es! it was that man!
    \der Hut gefällt mir am besten I like that/this hat [or that/this hat I like] the most
    \der Stift da that pen [there]
    \der Stift hier this pen [here]
    \der und \der Experte such and such an expert
    \der war es! it was him!
    \der hat es getan! it was him that [or who] did it!
    \der sagte mir,... he told me...
    welcher Stift? \der da? oder \der hier? which pen? that one [there]? or this one [here]?
    wer ist denn \der? (fam) who on earth is he [or that]?
    \der und joggen? him, jogging?
    \der und \der such and such
    \der mit der Brille the one [or fam him] with the glasses
    welcher Ball? — \der mit den Punkten which ball? — the/this/that one with the spots
    ach \der! (pej) oh him!
    der Chef? \der ist nicht da the boss? he's not there
    dein Vater, \der ist nicht gekommen your father, he didn't come
    mein Schuh! \der ist weg! my shoe! it's gone!
    der Scheißkerl, \der! the bastard!
    der Grund ist \der, dass... the reason is that [or because]...
    \der, den ich meinte the one I meant
    wo ist dein Bruder? — \der ist oben where's your brother? — he's upstairs
    das ist ein neuer Drucker! warum druckt \der nicht? that's a new printer! why isn't it working?
    beißt \der? does it/he/she bite?
    III. pron rel, nom sing m
    1. that; (Person a.) who/whom form; (Gegenstand, Tier a.) which
    ich hörte/sah einen Wagen, \der um die Ecke fuhr I heard/saw a car driving around the corner
    ein Film, \der gut ankommt a much-acclaimed film
    ein Roman, \der von Millionen gelesen wurde a novel [that has been] read by millions
    der König, \der vierzig Jahre herrschte,... (einschränkend) the king who [or that] reigned for forty years...; (nicht einschränkend) the king, who reigned for forty years,...
    der Mantel, \der zum Trocknen aufgehängt war,... (einschränkend) the coat that [or which] was hung up to dry...; (nicht einschränkend) the coat, which was hung up to dry,...
    der Mörder, \der von der Polizei gesucht wird,... (einschränkend) the murderer [who [or that]] the police are searching for..., the murderer for whom the police are searching... form; (nicht einschränkend) the murderer, who the police are searching for,..., the murderer, for whom the police are searching,... form
    der Fall, \der von den Ermittlern untersucht werden soll,... (einschränkend) the case [that [or which]] the investigators have to look into..., the case into which the investigators have to look... form; (nicht einschränkend) the case, which the investigators have to look into,..., the case, into which the investigators have to look,... form
    \der mir jetzt hilft, wird belohnt anyone helping [or form he who helps] me now will be rewarded
    \der diesen Brief geschrieben hat, kann gut Deutsch the person/man who wrote this letter knows good German
    \der zu so etwas fähig ist,... people who are capable of such things...; s.a. das, die
    der2
    [ˈde:ɐ̯]
    art def, gen sing f
    der Hund \der alten Frau the old woman's dog
    die Hitze \der Sonne the heat of the sun, the sun's heat
    das Schnurren \der fetten Katze the fat cat's purring, the purring of the fat cat
    die Lösung \der Formel hier the solution to this formula, this formula's solution
    der Einspruch \der Frau da that woman's objection, the objection from that woman
    die Farbe \der Zunge deutete auf seine Krankheit the colour of his tongue indicated his illness
    ein Opfer \der Liebe a victim of love
    ein Zeichen \der Hoffnung a sign of hope
    das Kämmen \der Wolle the combing of wool
    die Berge \der Schweiz the mountains of Switzerland
    die Puppe \der kleinen Sabine little Sabine's doll
    ich ruf an wegen \der Anna I'm calling to talk to you about Anna
    die Arien \der Callas Callas' arias
    8. (form: vor Namen)
    ein Antrag \der Ute Kley a petition from Ute Kley
    die Rolle \der Frau in Management women's role [or the role of women] in management
    die Trinkfestigkeit \der Engländerin the ability of the Englishwoman to hold her drink
    10. (geh: nach Angaben)
    10 Meter \der kostbarsten Seide 10 metres of the most precious silk
    das Spielzeug \der Kleinen the little one's [or girl's] toys
    die Weisheit \der Ältesten the wisdom of the eldest [woman]; s.a. das, die
    der3
    I. art def, dat sing f
    1. siehe auch vb (allgemein)
    sie redeten mit/von \der Nachbarin they were talking with/about the neighbour
    ich klopfte an \der Tür I knocked at the door
    das Bild hängt an \der Wand the picture is hanging on the wall
    sie folgte \der Frau/Menge she followed the woman/crowd
    er gab \der Großmutter den Brief he gave his grandmother the letter, he gave the letter to his grandmother
    es gehört \der Frau da it belongs to that woman
    es entspricht \der Textstelle hier it corresponds to this passage in the text
    er schlug den Tisch mit \der Faust he thumped the table with his fist
    er widmete \der Liebe ein Gedicht he dedicated a poem to love
    mit \der Hoffnung eines Verzweifelten with the hope of a desperate man
    \der Bronze wird auch Phosphor beigemischt phosphorus is also added to bronze; (bei spezifischen Stoffen)
    mit \der Wolle dieses Schafs with the wool from this sheep, with this sheep's wool
    wir segelten mit \der ‚Nordwind‘ we sailed on the [yacht] ‘Nordwind’
    in \der Schweiz [der Zwischenkriegsjahre] in [interwar] Switzerland
    \der kleinen Jenny geht's nicht gut little Jenny isn't feeling well
    sie ist bei \der Kati she's at Kati's place
    er hat \der Callas mal die Hand geküsst he once kissed Callas' hand
    von \der Frau in der Industrie of women in industry
    als das Pferd \der Maschine wich when the horse gave way to the engine
    mit 20 Flaschen \der Kiste with 20 bottles a [or per] crate
    gib \der Kleinen einen Kuss give the little one a kiss
    wir gingen zu \der Ältesten we went to the elder
    II. pron dem, dat sing f
    1. attr, betont
    \der Pflanze muss man Dünger geben that plant must be given fertilizer
    \der Frau hast du es erzählt? you told it to that woman?
    zu \der und \der Zeit at such and such a time
    glaub \der bloß nicht! don't believe her [of all people]!
    III. pron rel, dat sing f, siehe auch vb
    meine Kollegin, \der die Aufgabe zugeteilt wurde,... (einschränkend) my colleague who [or that] was assigned the task...; (nicht einschränkend) my colleague, who was assigned the task,...
    die Lösung, \der der Alkohol entzogen war,... (einschränkend) the solution that [or which] had its alcohol extracted...; (nicht einschränkend) the solution, which had its alcohol extracted,...
    die Abgeordnete, \der ich oft schrieb,... (einschränkend) the MP [who [or that]] I often wrote to..., the MP to whom I often wrote... form; (nicht einschränkend) the MP, who I often wrote to,..., the MP, to whom I often wrote,... form
    die Grippe, unter \der sie leiden,... (einschränkend) the flu [that [or which]] they're suffering from..., the flu from which they're suffering... form; (nicht einschränkend) the flu, which they're suffering from,..., the flu, from which they're suffering,... form; s.a. das, die
    der4
    art def, gen pl
    1. siehe auch n (allgemein)
    die Anstrengungen \der Schüler the pupils' efforts, the efforts of the pupils
    die Zeichnungen \der beiden Schwestern the two sisters' drawings, the drawings by the two sisters
    das Gezwitscher \der Vögel the twittering of the birds
    das Gewicht \der Platten the weight of the slabs
    die Wohnung \der Eltern my/his/her etc. parents' flat
    die Lösungen \der Formeln hier the solutions to these formulae
    der Einspruch \der Frauen da those women's objection, the objection from those women
    die Farbe \der Haare gefiel ihr nicht she didn't like the colour of her hair
    die Sprachen \der Niederlande the languages of [or spoken in] the Netherlands
    das Haus \der Müllers the Millers' house
    4. (form: vor Namen)
    ein Antrag \der Heinz und Ute Kley a petition from Heinz and Ute Kley
    die Rolle \der Pflanzen in der Medizin the role of plants in medicine
    6. (geh: nach Angaben)
    10 Kisten \der feinsten Äpfel 10 crates of the finest apples
    das Spielzeug \der Kleinen the little ones' toys
    die Weisheit \der Ältesten the wisdom of the elders; s.a. das, die
    * * *
    I 1.
    bestimmter Artikel Nom. the

    der April/Winter — April/winter

    der ‘Faust’ — ‘Faust’

    der Dieter — (ugs.) Dieter

    der Kapitalismus/Islam — capitalism/Islam

    der Bodensee/Mount Everest — Lake Constance/Mount Everest

    2.
    1) attr. that

    der und arbeiten! — (ugs.) [what,] him work! (coll.)

    der [da] — (Mann) that man; (Gegenstand, Tier) that one

    der [hier] — (Mann) this man; (Gegenstand, Tier) this one

    3.
    Relativpronomen (Mensch) who/that; (Sache) which/that

    der Mann, der da drüben entlanggeht — the man walking along over there

    4.
    Relativ- und Demonstrativpronomen the one who
    II 1.
    bestimmter Artikel
    1) Gen. Sg. v. die I 1.
    2) Dat. Sg. v. die I 1.: to the; (nach Präp.) the
    3) Gen. Pl. v. der I 1., die I 1., das 1.

    das Haus der Freunde — our/their etc. friends' house

    2.
    1) Gen. Sg. v. die I 2. 1): of the; of that
    2) Dat. Sg. v. die I 2. attr

    der Frau [da/hier] gehört es — it belongs to that woman there/this woman here; allein stehend

    gib es der da! — (ugs.) give it to 'her

    3) Gen. Pl. v. der I 2. 1), die I 2. 1), das 2. 1): of those
    3.
    Relativpronomen; Dat. Sg. v. die I 3. (Person) whom

    die Frau, der ich es gegeben habe — the woman to whom 1 gave it; the woman 1 gave it to; (Sache) that/which

    die Katze, der er einen Tritt gab — the cat [that] he kicked

    * * *
    A. best art
    1. m; (nom sg) the;
    der eine ist fleißig, der andere faul (the) one is hard-working, the other one is lazy;
    der Tod death;
    der Mensch (alle Menschen) man(kind), humankind;
    der große Goethe the famous Goethe;
    der arme Peter poor Peter;
    der Peter, den ich kenne the Peter (who oder that) I know;
    der Hyde Park Hyde Park
    2. (gen sg von die) of the;
    die Mauern der Stadt auch the city walls
    3. (dat sg von die) to the;
    den Schlüssel habe ich der Nachbarin gegeben I gave the key to the neighbo(u)r
    4. (gen pl von der, die, das) of the;
    die Ankunft der Kinder auch the children’s arrival
    B. dem pr
    1. m; (nom sg) that (one), this (one); (er) he, it;
    der Mann hier this man;
    der mit dem Bart the one with the beard;
    nur der kann das verstehen, der … only he ( oder that man) who … can understand it;
    der und baden gehen? you won’t catch him going swimming;
    der und ehrlich? Dass ich nicht lache! him? honest? Pull the other one! ( oder Give me a break!)
    2. (dat sg von die)
    zu der und der Zeit umg at such and such a time
    C. rel pr
    1. m; (nom sg) bei Personen: who, that; bei Sachen: which, that;
    der Bezirk, der einen Teil von X bildet the district forming part of X;
    der erste Stein, der geworfen wurde the first stone that was thrown;
    er war der Erste, der es erfuhr he was the first to know;
    jeder, der … anyone who …;
    ich, der ich selbst dabei war I, who was there myself
    2. (dat sg von die) bei Personen: who(m), who … to, to whom form; bei Sachen: that, which;
    die Freundin, der ich meine Sorgen erzählte the friend (whom) I told about my problems ( oder to whom I told my problems)
    * * *
    I 1.
    bestimmter Artikel Nom. the

    der April/Winter — April/winter

    der ‘Faust’ — ‘Faust’

    der Dieter — (ugs.) Dieter

    der Kapitalismus/Islam — capitalism/Islam

    der Bodensee/Mount Everest — Lake Constance/Mount Everest

    2.
    1) attr. that

    der und arbeiten! — (ugs.) [what,] him work! (coll.)

    der [da] — (Mann) that man; (Gegenstand, Tier) that one

    der [hier] — (Mann) this man; (Gegenstand, Tier) this one

    3.
    Relativpronomen (Mensch) who/that; (Sache) which/that

    der Mann, der da drüben entlanggeht — the man walking along over there

    4.
    Relativ- und Demonstrativpronomen the one who
    II 1.
    bestimmter Artikel
    1) Gen. Sg. v. die I 1.
    2) Dat. Sg. v. die I 1.: to the; (nach Präp.) the
    3) Gen. Pl. v. der I 1., die I 1., das 1.

    das Haus der Freunde — our/their etc. friends' house

    2.
    1) Gen. Sg. v. die I 2. 1): of the; of that
    2) Dat. Sg. v. die I 2. attr

    der Frau [da/hier] gehört es — it belongs to that woman there/this woman here; allein stehend

    gib es der da! — (ugs.) give it to 'her

    3) Gen. Pl. v. der I 2. 1), die I 2. 1), das 2. 1): of those
    3.
    Relativpronomen; Dat. Sg. v. die I 3. (Person) whom

    die Frau, der ich es gegeben habe — the woman to whom 1 gave it; the woman 1 gave it to; (Sache) that/which

    die Katze, der er einen Tritt gab — the cat [that] he kicked

    * * *
    (neueste) Stand der Technik m.
    the state of the art n. art.m.
    the art. pron.
    which pron.
    who pron.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > der

  • 15 заводы работающие по заказу

    формуляр, изготовленный на заказ — custom form

    портной, выполняющий индивидуальные заказы — custom tailor

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > заводы работающие по заказу

  • 16 Toyota production system

    Ops
    a manufacturing system, developed by Toyota in Japan after World War II, which aims to increase production efficiency by the elimination of waste in all its forms. The Toyota production system was invented, and made to work, by Taiichi Ohno. Japan’s fledgling car-making industry was suffering from poor productivity, and Ohno was brought into Toyota with an initial assignment of catching up with the productivity levels of Ford’s car plants. In analyzing the problem, he decided that although Japanese workers must be working at the same rate as their American counterparts, waste and inefficiency were the main causes of their different productivity levels. Ohno identified waste in a number of forms, including overproduction, waiting time, transportation problems, inefficient processing, inventory, and defective products. The philosophy of TPS is to remove or minimize the influence of all these elements. In order to achieve this, TPS evolved to operate under lean production conditions. It is made up of soft, or cultural aspects, such as automation with the human touch— autonomation—and hard, or technical, aspects, which include just-in-time, kanban, and production smoothing. Each aspect is equally important and complementary. TPS has proven itself to be one of the most efficient manufacturing systems in the world but although leading companies have adopted it in one form or another, few have been able to replicate the success of Toyota.
    Abbr. TPS

    The ultimate business dictionary > Toyota production system

  • 17 Ferranti, Sebastian Ziani de

    [br]
    b. 9 April 1864 Liverpool, England
    d. 13 January 1930 Zurich, Switzerland
    [br]
    English manufacturing engineer and inventor, a pioneer and early advocate of high-voltage alternating-current electric-power systems.
    [br]
    Ferranti, who had taken an interest in electrical and mechanical devices from an early age, was educated at St Augustine's College in Ramsgate and for a short time attended evening classes at University College, London. Rather than pursue an academic career, Ferranti, who had intense practical interests, found employment in 1881 with the Siemens Company (see Werner von Siemens) in their experimental department. There he had the opportunity to superintend the installation of electric-lighting plants in various parts of the country. Becoming acquainted with Alfred Thomson, an engineer, Ferranti entered into a short-lived partnership with him to manufacture the Ferranti alternator. This generator, with a unique zig-zag armature, had an efficiency exceeding that of all its rivals. Finding that Sir William Thomson had invented a similar machine, Ferranti formed a company with him to combine the inventions and produce the Ferranti- Thomson machine. For this the Hammond Electric Light and Power Company obtained the sole selling rights.
    In 1885 the Grosvenor Gallery Electricity Supply Corporation was having serious problems with its Gaulard and Gibbs series distribution system. Ferranti, when consulted, reviewed the design and recommended transformers connected across constant-potential mains. In the following year, at the age of 22, he was appointed Engineer to the company and introduced the pattern of electricity supply that was eventually adopted universally. Ambitious plans by Ferranti for London envisaged the location of a generating station of unprecedented size at Deptford, about eight miles (13 km) from the city, a departure from the previous practice of placing stations within the area to be supplied. For this venture the London Electricity Supply Corporation was formed. Ferranti's bold decision to bring the supply from Deptford at the hitherto unheard-of pressure of 10,000 volts required him to design suitable cables, transformers and generators. Ferranti planned generators with 10,000 hp (7,460 kW)engines, but these were abandoned at an advanced stage of construction. Financial difficulties were caused in part when a Board of Trade enquiry in 1889 reduced the area that the company was able to supply. In spite of this adverse situation the enterprise continued on a reduced scale. Leaving the London Electricity Supply Corporation in 1892, Ferranti again started his own business, manufacturing electrical plant. He conceived the use of wax-impregnated paper-insulated cables for high voltages, which formed a landmark in the history of cable development. This method of flexible-cable manufacture was used almost exclusively until synthetic materials became available. In 1892 Ferranti obtained a patent which set out the advantages to be gained by adopting sector-shaped conductors in multi-core cables. This was to be fundamental to the future design and development of such cables.
    A total of 176 patents were taken out by S.Z. de Ferranti. His varied and numerous inventions included a successful mercury-motor energy meter and improvements to textile-yarn produc-tion. A transmission-line phenomenon where the open-circuit voltage at the receiving end of a long line is greater than the sending voltage was named the Ferranti Effect after him.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1927. President, Institution of Electrical Engineers 1910 and 1911. Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1924.
    Bibliography
    18 July 1882, British patent no. 3,419 (Ferranti's first alternator).
    13 December 1892, British patent no. 22,923 (shaped conductors of multi-core cables). 1929, "Electricity in the service of man", Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 67: 125–30.
    Further Reading
    G.Z.de Ferranti and R. Ince, 1934, The Life and Letters of Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti, London.
    A.Ridding, 1964, S.Z.de Ferranti. Pioneer of Electric Power, London: Science Museum and HMSO (a concise biography).
    R.H.Parsons, 1939, Early Days of the Power Station Industry, Cambridge, pp. 21–41.
    GW

    Biographical history of technology > Ferranti, Sebastian Ziani de

  • 18 промышленные предприятия

    1) General subject: plants and factories (AD)
    4) Makarov: industrial plants

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > промышленные предприятия

  • 19 Edison, Thomas Alva

    [br]
    b. 11 February 1847 Milan, Ohio, USA
    d. 18 October 1931 Glenmont
    [br]
    American inventor and pioneer electrical developer.
    [br]
    He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.
    At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.
    Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.
    He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.
    Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.
    Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.
    Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.
    In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.
    On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.
    Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.
    In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.
    In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.
    In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.
    In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.
    In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Member of the American Academy of Sciences. Congressional Gold Medal.
    Further Reading
    M.Josephson, 1951, Edison, Eyre \& Spottiswode.
    R.W.Clark, 1977, Edison, the Man who Made the Future, Macdonald \& Jane.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Edison, Thomas Alva

  • 20 Ilgner, Karl

    SUBJECT AREA: Electricity
    [br]
    b. 27 July 1862 Neisse, Upper Silesia (now Nysa, Poland)
    d. 18 January 1921 Berthelsdorf, Silesia
    [br]
    German electrical engineer, inventor of a transformer for electromotors.
    [br]
    Ilgner graduated from the Gewerbeakademie (the forerunner of the Technical University) in Berlin. As the representative of an electric manufacturing company in Breslau (now Wroclaw, Poland) from 1897, he was confronted with the fact that there were no appropriate drives for hoisting-engines or rolling-plants in steelworks. Two problems prevented the use of high-capacity electric motors in the mining as well as in the iron and steel industry: the reactions of the motors on the circuit at the peak point of stress concentration; and the complicated handling of the control system which raised the risks regarding safety. Having previously been head of the department of electrical power transmission in Hannover, he was concerned with the development of low-speed direct-current motors powered by gas engines.
    It was Harry Ward Leonard's switchgear for direct-current motors (USA, 1891) that permitted sudden and exact changes in the speed and direction of rotation without causing power loss, as demonstrated in the driving of a rolling sidewalk at the Paris World Fair of 1900. Ilgner connected this switchgear to a large and heavy flywheel which accumulated the kinetic energy from the circuit in order to compensate shock loads. With this combination, electric motors did not need special circuits, which were still weak, because they were working continuously and were regulated individually, so that they could be used for driving hoisting-engines in mines, rolling-plants in steelworks or machinery for producing tools and paper. Ilgner thus made a notable advance in the general progress of electrification.
    His transformer for hoisting-engines was patented in 1901 and was commercially used inter alia by Siemens \& Halske of Berlin. Their first electrical hoisting-engine for the Zollern II/IV mine in Dortmund gained international reputation at the Düsseldorf exhibition of 1902, and is still preserved in situ in the original machine hall of the mine, which is now a national monument in Germany. Ilgner thereafter worked with several companies to pursue his conception, became a consulting engineer in Vienna and Breslau and had a government post after the First World War in Brussels and Berlin until he retired for health reasons in 1919.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1901, DRP no. 138, 387 1903, "Der elektrische Antrieb von Reversier-Walzenstraßen", Stahl und Eisen 23:769– 71.
    Further Reading
    W.Kroker, "Karl Ilgner", Neue Deutsche Biographie, Vol. X, pp. 134–5. W.Philippi, 1924, Elektrizität im Bergbau, Leipzig (a general account).
    K.Warmbold, 1925, "Der Ilgner-Umformer in Förderanlagen", Kohle und Erz 22:1031–36 (a detailed description).
    WK

    Biographical history of technology > Ilgner, Karl

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